{
  "_note": "Layer «Nachrichten / News», 2026-10-26: attested lags between an event or a dated letter in one place and its arrival or first attestation in another. from/to: a place id in places.json, or an inline place {la, mod, lat, lon} (coordinates approximate). Dates: AD dates in the proleptic Julian calendar (YYYY-MM-DD). BC years are written as negative historical years (\"-54\" = 54 v. Chr.; there is no year 0 here, this is not astronomical numbering). Letters before 45 BC are dated in the pre-Julian Roman civil calendar (field cal: \"roman\"), which in these years ran some weeks off the seasons by an amount that is not certain; we therefore give the Roman date unconverted and count the days with the pre-Julian month lengths (Jan, Apr, Jun, Aug, Sep, Nov, Dec 29 days; Mar, May, Jul, Oct 31; Feb 28). approx: true means a date reconstructed backwards from a stated travel time (inclusive or exclusive counting is not always clear, ±1 day). year/month: the month in which the news travels, for the map's sliders (null where unknown). kind: «arrival» = the day the letter or news arrives is stated; «earliest attestation» = the first dated document that knows the news, an upper bound on the travel time, not the travel time; «overtaken» = a later message arrives before an earlier one (days null, lead = the margin). Latin quotes are verbatim from the Latin Library text in ~/cltk_data (checked 2026-10-26; editorial brackets kept). Sources marked «(zu prüfen)» come from memory and must be checked against Duncan-Jones, Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (1990), ch. 2 «The speed of communication», which is not in the library.",
  "news": [
    {
      "id": "claudius54",
      "what": { "de": "Tod des Claudius, Proklamation Neros in Oxyrhynchos", "en": "Death of Claudius, Nero proclaimed at Oxyrhynchus" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "54-10-13",
      "to": { "la": "Oxyrhynchus", "mod": { "de": "el-Bahnasa", "en": "el-Bahnasa" }, "lat": 28.54, "lon": 30.66 },
      "toDate": "54-11-17", "days": 35, "kind": "earliest attestation",
      "year": 54, "month": 10,
      "text": {
        "de": "Claudius stirbt am 13. Oktober 54 (das Pilzgericht, wenn wir der Überlieferung glauben). In Oxyrhynchos, gut 300 km den Nil hinauf, entwirft man fünfunddreissig Tage später eine Festproklamation für den neuen Kaiser, den «die Welt erwartet und erhofft» hat. Das ist eine Obergrenze: Alexandria weiss es früher, und die Dorfschreiber feiern erst, wenn der Brief des Präfekten da ist.",
        "en": "Claudius dies on 13 October 54 (of the mushrooms, if we believe the tradition). At Oxyrhynchus, some 300 km up the Nile, a festive proclamation for the new emperor, the one «the world expected and hoped for», is drafted thirty-five days later. This is an upper bound: Alexandria knows earlier, and the nome clerks celebrate only once the prefect's letter has come."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "Excessit III. Id. Octob. Asinio Marcello Acilio Auiola coss.", "ref": "Suet. Claud. 45", "de": "Er stirbt am 13. Oktober, unter den Konsuln Asinius Marcellus und Acilius Aviola.", "en": "He died on 13 October, in the consulship of Asinius Marcellus and Acilius Aviola." },
      "src": "Suet. Claud. 45 (date of death; Latin Library); P.Oxy. VII 1021 = Select Papyri II 235 (Loeb), 35 days after the death: G. de la Bédoyère, Domina (2018), ch. 9, p. 262 with n. 3; papyrus date 17 Nov. (Hathyr 21) from memory (zu prüfen)"
    },
    {
      "id": "nero68",
      "what": { "de": "Tod Neros, Galba im Edikt des Präfekten von Ägypten", "en": "Death of Nero, Galba in the edict of the prefect of Egypt" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "68-06-09",
      "to": "alexandria", "toDate": "68-07-06", "days": 27, "kind": "earliest attestation",
      "year": 68, "month": 6,
      "text": {
        "de": "Nero stirbt am 9. Juni 68 in einer Villa vor Rom, der Senat erkennt Galba an, und die Plebs läuft mit der Freiheitsmütze durch die Stadt. Am 6. Juli datiert Tiberius Iulius Alexander, Präfekt von Ägypten, sein grosses Edikt bereits nach dem «ersten Jahr» Galbas: siebenundzwanzig Tage, und das mitten in der Segelsaison mit dem Nordwind im Rücken. Wahrscheinlich weiss Alexandria es einige Tage früher; das Edikt ist nur das erste Dokument, das wir haben.",
        "en": "Nero dies on 9 June 68 in a villa outside Rome, the senate recognises Galba, and the plebs runs through the city wearing the cap of freedom. On 6 July Tiberius Julius Alexander, prefect of Egypt, already dates his great edict by Galba's «first year»: twenty-seven days, in the middle of the sailing season with the north wind behind the ship. Alexandria probably knows a few days earlier; the edict is only the first document we have."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "tantumque gaudium publice praebuit, ut plebs pilleata tota urbe discurreret", "ref": "Suet. Nero 57.1", "de": "Und er [mit seinem Tod] macht dem Volk eine solche Freude, dass die Plebs mit der Freiheitsmütze [wie freigelassene Sklaven] durch die ganze Stadt läuft.", "en": "And [by his death] he gave the public such joy that the plebs ran all over the city wearing the cap of freedom [like freed slaves]." },
      "src": "Suet. Nero 57.1 (Latin Library); edict of Ti. Iulius Alexander, OGIS 669 = Smallwood, Documents … Gaius, Claudius and Nero (1967) no. 391 (cited in R. Alston, Aspects of Roman History 31 BC–AD 117, ch. 6); date of the edict (Epeiph 12 = 6 July 68) and of Nero's death (9 June, after Cass. Dio 63.29.3) from memory (zu prüfen); the 27 days as in Duncan-Jones, Structure and Scale, ch. 2 (zu prüfen)"
    },
    {
      "id": "pertinax193",
      "what": { "de": "Erhebung des Pertinax, angekündigt in Ägypten", "en": "Accession of Pertinax, announced in Egypt" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "193-01-01",
      "to": "alexandria", "toDate": "193-03-02", "days": 60, "kind": "earliest attestation",
      "year": 193, "month": 1,
      "text": {
        "de": "In der Silvesternacht 192 wird Commodus im Bad erwürgt, am Neujahrsmorgen ist Pertinax Kaiser. Der Präfekt von Ägypten verkündet die Thronbesteigung erst Anfang März, rund sechzig Tage später: Es ist Winter, das Meer ist «geschlossen», und die Nachricht nimmt den langen Weg. Als die Ägypter ihre Festtage halten, hat Pertinax noch knapp vier Wochen zu leben; am 28. März erschlagen ihn die Prätorianer.",
        "en": "On New Year's Eve 192 Commodus is strangled in his bath, and on New Year's morning Pertinax is emperor. The prefect of Egypt announces the accession only in early March, some sixty days later: it is winter, the sea is «closed», and the news takes the long way. When the Egyptians hold their festival days, Pertinax has barely four weeks to live; on 28 March the praetorians kill him."
      },
      "quote": null,
      "src": "BGU II 646 = Select Papyri II 222 (prefect's letter announcing Pertinax, dated Phamenoth 6 = 2 March 193) and Duncan-Jones, Structure and Scale, ch. 2: all from memory (zu prüfen); Cass. Dio 74.10 (death of Pertinax, 28 March 193)"
    },
    {
      "id": "gaius41",
      "what": { "de": "Caligulas Todesbefehl an Petronius, von der Nachricht seines Todes überholt", "en": "Caligula's death order to Petronius, overtaken by the news of his death" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "41-01-24",
      "to": "antiochia", "toDate": null, "days": null, "lead": 27, "kind": "overtaken",
      "year": 41, "month": 1,
      "text": {
        "de": "Petronius, Statthalter von Syrien, soll Caligulas Statue im Tempel von Jerusalem aufstellen und zögert, weil er einen Aufstand fürchtet (und wohl zu Recht). Caligula schreibt ihm, er solle sich selbst töten. Die Briefträger aber geraten in Winterstürme und sind drei Monate auf See; die Schiffe mit der Nachricht von Caligulas Ermordung am 24. Januar 41 kommen siebenundzwanzig Tage vor ihnen an. So überlebt Petronius, weil die gute Nachricht schneller segelt als die schlechte.",
        "en": "Petronius, governor of Syria, is to set up Caligula's statue in the Temple at Jerusalem and hesitates, fearing a revolt (rightly, it seems). Caligula writes to him to kill himself. The letter-carriers, however, run into winter storms and spend three months at sea; the ships with the news of Caligula's murder on 24 January 41 arrive twenty-seven days before them. Petronius survives because the good news sails faster than the bad."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "VIIII. Kal. Febr. hora fere septima", "ref": "Suet. Cal. 58.1", "de": "Am 24. Januar, etwa zur siebten Stunde [kurz nach Mittag] …", "en": "On 24 January, at about the seventh hour [just after noon] …" },
      "src": "Joseph. BJ 2.203 (three months at sea, the news of the death 27 days earlier) and AJ 18.305–309 (zu prüfen: numbers from memory, Greek not checked); Suet. Cal. 58.1 (date of the murder; Latin Library)"
    },
    {
      "id": "britannia54a",
      "what": { "de": "Brief des Quintus aus Britannien an Marcus Cicero", "en": "Quintus' letter from Britain to Marcus Cicero" },
      "from": { "la": "Britannia (Cantium)", "mod": { "de": "Südostengland", "en": "South-east England" }, "lat": 51.2, "lon": 1.0 },
      "fromDate": "-54-08-10", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "arpinum", "toDate": "-54-09-13", "days": 32, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -54, "month": 8,
      "text": {
        "de": "Quintus Cicero dient als Legat Caesars auf dem zweiten Britannienzug und schreibt seinem Bruder am 10. August 54. Marcus erhält den Brief am 13. September auf den Gütern bei Arpinum, nach zweiunddreissig Tagen. Viel Neues steht nicht darin, schreibt er trocken, ausser einer Tragödie, die Quintus im Lager verfasst hat.",
        "en": "Quintus Cicero serves as Caesar's legate on the second British expedition and writes to his brother on 10 August 54. Marcus receives the letter on 13 September on the family estates near Arpinum, after thirty-two days. There is little news in it, he writes drily, apart from a tragedy Quintus has written in camp."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "Quarta epistula mihi reddita est Idibus Sept., quam a. d. IIII. Idus Sext. ex Britannia dederas.", "ref": "Cic. Q. fr. 3.1.13", "de": "Den vierten Brief erhalte ich an den Iden des September [13. September]; du hast ihn am 10. August in Britannien abgeschickt.", "en": "The fourth letter was delivered to me on the Ides of September [13 September]; you had sent it from Britain on 10 August." },
      "src": "Cic. Q. fr. 3.1.13 (Latin Library, cicero/fratrem3.txt); place of receipt: §4 (Laterium, Quintus' estate near Arpinum, on the Ides)"
    },
    {
      "id": "britannia54b",
      "what": { "de": "Caesars Brief aus Britannien an Cicero in Rom", "en": "Caesar's letter from Britain to Cicero in Rome" },
      "from": { "la": "Britannia (Cantium)", "mod": { "de": "Südostengland", "en": "South-east England" }, "lat": 51.2, "lon": 1.0 },
      "fromDate": "-54-09-01", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "roma", "toDate": "-54-09-27", "days": 26, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -54, "month": 9,
      "text": {
        "de": "Caesar schreibt Cicero am 1. September aus Britannien, Cicero erhält den Brief am 27. September in Rom: sechsundzwanzig Tage über den Kanal, durch ganz Gallien und über die Alpen, mit Caesars eigenen Kurieren. Cicero antwortet nicht, nicht einmal mit Glückwünschen, denn Caesar trauert: Seine Tochter Iulia, Pompeius' Frau, ist gestorben, und die Nachricht davon hat ihn in Britannien erreicht.",
        "en": "Caesar writes to Cicero from Britain on 1 September, and Cicero receives the letter in Rome on 27 September: twenty-six days across the Channel, through the whole of Gaul and over the Alps, by Caesar's own couriers. Cicero does not reply, not even with congratulations, for Caesar is in mourning: his daughter Julia, Pompey's wife, has died, and the news has reached him in Britain."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "Ex Britannia Caesar ad me Kal. Septembr. dedit litteras, quas ego accepi, a. d. IIII. Kal. Octobr., satis commodas de Britannicis rebus", "ref": "Cic. Q. fr. 3.1.25", "de": "Aus Britannien hat mir Caesar am 1. September einen Brief geschrieben, den ich am 27. September erhalte, recht erfreulich, was Britannien angeht.", "en": "Caesar sent me a letter from Britain on 1 September, which I received on 27 September, fairly satisfactory about affairs in Britain." },
      "src": "Cic. Q. fr. 3.1.25 (Latin Library, cicero/fratrem3.txt); a. d. IIII Kal. Oct. = 27 Sept. in the pre-Julian 29-day September (28 Sept. if counted with the Julian 30 days); Julia's death: §17 and §25"
    },
    {
      "id": "britannia54c",
      "what": { "de": "Caesar und Quintus melden das Ende des Britannienzugs", "en": "Caesar and Quintus report the end of the British expedition" },
      "from": { "la": "Britanniae litora proxima", "mod": { "de": "Küste von Kent", "en": "Coast of Kent" }, "lat": 51.15, "lon": 1.35 },
      "fromDate": "-54-09-25", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "roma", "toDate": "-54-10-24", "days": 28, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -54, "month": 9,
      "text": {
        "de": "Am 25. September schreiben Caesar und Quintus von der britannischen Küste, dass der Feldzug vorbei ist; Cicero hat den Brief am 24. Oktober in Rom, nach achtundzwanzig Tagen. Die Bilanz ist ehrlich und ernüchternd: Geiseln, ein Tribut, aber keine Beute. Die grosse Show, auf die Rom gewartet hat, findet nicht statt.",
        "en": "On 25 September Caesar and Quintus write from the British coast that the campaign is over; Cicero has the letter in Rome on 24 October, after twenty-eight days. The balance is honest and sobering: hostages, a tribute, but no booty. The great show Rome has been waiting for does not happen."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "litteras datas a litoribus Britanniae proximis a. d. vi Kal. Octobr. confecta Britannia, obsidibus acceptis, nulla praeda, imperata tamen pecunia", "ref": "Cic. Att. 4.18.5", "de": "… einen Brief, abgeschickt am 25. September von der nächstgelegenen Küste Britanniens: Britannien erledigt, Geiseln genommen, keine Beute, aber ein Tribut auferlegt.", "en": "… a letter sent on 25 September from the nearest shores of Britain: Britain finished, hostages taken, no booty, but a tribute imposed." },
      "src": "Cic. Att. 4.18.5 (Latin Library, cicero/att4.txt, verify.py MATCH): received a. d. VIIII Kal. Nov. (24 Oct.), sent a. d. VI Kal. Oct. (25 Sept.); the Latin Library text has an unexplained «xvii» after the date of receipt"
    },
    {
      "id": "laodicea51",
      "what": { "de": "Ein Brief des Atticus braucht fast fünf Monate nach Kilikien", "en": "A letter from Atticus takes almost five months to Cilicia" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "-51-09-21", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "laodicea", "toDate": "-50-02-11", "days": 137, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -51, "month": 9,
      "text": {
        "de": "Cicero ist Statthalter von Kilikien und wartet auf Post aus Rom. Einen Brief, den Atticus am 21. September 51 den Sklaven eines gewissen Laenius mitgegeben hat, bekommt er am 11. Februar 50 in Laodikeia, nach hundertsiebenunddreissig Tagen. Das ist nicht die Geschwindigkeit des Reiches, sondern die eines privaten Boten, der wahrscheinlich eigene Geschäfte hat und den Winter abwartet; die Steuerpächter, schreibt Cicero im selben Brief, sind viel schneller.",
        "en": "Cicero is governor of Cilicia and waits for mail from Rome. A letter Atticus gave to the slaves of one Laenius on 21 September 51 reaches him at Laodicea on 11 February 50, after one hundred and thirty-seven days. This is not the speed of the empire but that of a private carrier who probably has business of his own and waits out the winter; the tax-farmers' couriers, Cicero writes in the same letter, are much faster."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "eas Laodiceae denique, cum eo venissem, iii Idus Februar. Laenius mihi reddidit datas a. d. x Kal. Octobris.", "ref": "Cic. Att. 5.21.4", "de": "Diesen [Brief] übergibt mir Laenius endlich in Laodikeia, als ich dort ankomme, am 11. Februar; abgeschickt ist er am 21. September.", "en": "Laenius finally handed it over to me at Laodicea, when I arrived there, on 11 February; it was dated 21 September." },
      "src": "Cic. Att. 5.21.4 (Latin Library, cicero/att5.txt, verify.py MATCH); the same section on the publicani's couriers («satis celeriter … per publicanorum tabellarios»)"
    },
    {
      "id": "athenae50",
      "what": { "de": "Terentias Brief erreicht Cicero in Athen", "en": "Terentia's letter reaches Cicero at Athens" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "-50-09-22", "approx": true, "cal": "roman",
      "to": "athenae", "toDate": "-50-10-14", "days": 21, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -50, "month": 9,
      "text": {
        "de": "Auf der Heimreise aus Kilikien landet Cicero am 14. Oktober 50 in Athen, nach einer langsamen Fahrt mit Gegenwind. Am Kai steht schon Acastus mit Briefen seiner Frau Terentia, am einundzwanzigsten Tag nach seiner Abreise aus Rom: «sane strenue», sehr flott, findet Cicero. Drei Wochen Rom–Athen gelten also als schnell.",
        "en": "On his way home from Cilicia Cicero lands at Athens on 14 October 50, after a slow passage against the wind. On the quay Acastus is already waiting with letters from his wife Terentia, on the twenty-first day after leaving Rome: «sane strenue», very smartly done, Cicero finds. Three weeks from Rome to Athens, then, count as fast."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "De nave exeuntibus nobis Acastus cum litteris praesto fuit uno et vicesimo die, sane strenue.", "ref": "Cic. Fam. 14.5.1", "de": "Als wir vom Schiff steigen, steht Acastus mit den Briefen da, am einundzwanzigsten Tag [seit er Rom verlassen hat], sehr flott.", "en": "As we came off the ship, Acastus was there with the letters, on the twenty-first day [since he left Rome], very smartly done." },
      "src": "Cic. Fam. 14.5.1 (Latin Library, cicero/fam14.txt): arrival at Athens pr. Id. Oct. 50; departure date reconstructed (21 days back, ±1)"
    },
    {
      "id": "patrae50",
      "what": { "de": "Tiros Brief aus Patrai nach Brundisium", "en": "Tiro's letter from Patrae to Brundisium" },
      "from": "patrae", "fromDate": "-50-11-13", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "brundisium", "toDate": "-50-11-26", "days": 13, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -50, "month": 11,
      "text": {
        "de": "Cicero muss seinen Sekretär Tiro krank in Patrai zurücklassen und bricht am 2. November nach Italien auf. Er selbst braucht zweiundzwanzig Tage, weil ihn die Stürme in Actium und auf Korkyra festhalten (viele, die es eiliger haben, erleiden Schiffbruch); dann bringt ihn ein sanfter Südwind in einer Nacht und einem Tag nach Hydruntum. Tiros Brief vom 13. November ist am 26. November in Brundisium, nach dreizehn Tagen, mit dem Sklaven eines Bekannten. Wer Glück mit dem Wetter hat, überholt den Absender.",
        "en": "Cicero has to leave his secretary Tiro behind, ill, at Patrae and sets out for Italy on 2 November. He himself needs twenty-two days, because storms hold him at Actium and on Corcyra (many who are in more of a hurry are shipwrecked); then a gentle south wind carries him to Hydruntum in a night and a day. Tiro's letter of 13 November is at Brundisium on 26 November, after thirteen days, with an acquaintance's slave. Whoever is lucky with the weather overtakes the sender."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "A. d. V K. Dec. servus Cn. Plancii Brundisii tandem aliquando mihi a te exspectatissimas litteras reddidit datas Idibus Nov.", "ref": "Cic. Fam. 16.9.2", "de": "Am 26. November übergibt mir in Brundisium ein Sklave des Gnaeus Plancius endlich deinen sehnlichst erwarteten Brief vom 13. November.", "en": "On 26 November a slave of Gnaeus Plancius at last delivered to me at Brundisium your long-awaited letter dated 13 November." },
      "src": "Cic. Fam. 16.9.1–2 (Latin Library, cicero/fam16.txt): Cicero's own journey in §1, from Patrae a. d. IIII Non. Nov. (2 Nov.) to Brundisium a. d. VII Kal. Dec. (24 Nov.), held by storms at Actium, Corcyra and Cassiope"
    },
    {
      "id": "brundisium47",
      "what": { "de": "Ein Brief des Atticus aus Rom nach Brundisium", "en": "A letter from Atticus in Rome to Brundisium" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": "-47-08-19", "cal": "roman",
      "to": "brundisium", "toDate": "-47-08-25", "days": 6, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -47, "month": 8,
      "text": {
        "de": "Nach Pharsalos sitzt Cicero fast ein Jahr in Brundisium fest und wartet, ob Caesar ihm verzeiht. Ein Brief des Atticus vom 19. August 47 ist am 25. August da, nach sechs Tagen auf der Via Appia: das ist ungefähr, was ein Bote zu Pferd schafft, wenn er nicht trödelt. Freilich bringt der Brief schlechte Nachrichten: Bruder Quintus hetzt inzwischen offen gegen ihn.",
        "en": "After Pharsalus Cicero is stuck at Brundisium for almost a year, waiting to see whether Caesar will pardon him. A letter from Atticus of 19 August 47 arrives on 25 August, after six days on the Via Appia: roughly what a mounted messenger manages if he does not dawdle. The letter brings bad news, though: his brother Quintus is now openly working against him."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "accepi vi Kal. Sept. litteras a te datas xii Kal.", "ref": "Cic. Att. 11.21.1", "de": "Am 25. August erhalte ich deinen Brief vom 19. [August].", "en": "On 25 August I received your letter dated the 19th [of August]." },
      "src": "Cic. Att. 11.21.1 (Latin Library, cicero/att11.txt); Atticus in Rome assumed"
    },
    {
      "id": "africa43",
      "what": { "de": "Ein Brief des Cornificius aus Africa nach Rom", "en": "A letter from Cornificius in Africa to Rome" },
      "from": "utica", "fromDate": "-43-02-23", "approx": true,
      "to": "roma", "toDate": "-43-03-17", "days": 22, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -43, "month": 2,
      "text": {
        "de": "Quintus Cornificius ist Statthalter der Provinz Africa, und Rom steckt mitten im Krieg gegen Antonius. Sein Brief kommt an den Liberalia, am 17. März 43, nach zweiundzwanzig Tagen, im Winter, in den Wochen, in denen nach Vegetius das Meer «geschlossen» ist. Zwei Tage später setzt Cicero im Senat einen ehrenden Beschluss für ihn durch.",
        "en": "Quintus Cornificius is governor of Africa, and Rome is in the middle of the war against Antony. His letter arrives on the Liberalia, 17 March 43, after twenty-two days, in winter, in the weeks when by Vegetius' rule the sea is «closed». Two days later Cicero carries an honouring decree for him in the senate."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die, ut dicebat, reddidit", "ref": "Cic. Fam. 12.25.1", "de": "An den Liberalia erhalte ich deinen Brief; Cornificius übergibt ihn mir am zweiundzwanzigsten Tag, wie er sagt.", "en": "On the Liberalia I received your letter, which Cornificius delivered to me on the twenty-second day, as he said." },
      "src": "Cic. Fam. 12.25.1 (Latin Library, cicero/fam12.txt); Liberalia = 17 March (already the Julian calendar); departure reconstructed; Cornificius' seat assumed to be Utica"
    },
    {
      "id": "athenae44",
      "what": { "de": "Briefe aus Italien an den jungen Cicero in Athen", "en": "Letters from Italy to the young Cicero at Athens" },
      "from": "roma", "fromDate": null,
      "to": "athenae", "toDate": null, "days": 46, "kind": "arrival",
      "year": -44, "month": null,
      "text": {
        "de": "Marcus, Ciceros Sohn, studiert in Athen Philosophie und vor allem das Leben. Die Boten mit den Briefen seines Vaters und Tiros kommen nach sechsundvierzig Tagen an. Der Sohn nimmt es gelassen: So hat er selbst eine gute Ausrede, warum er so lange nicht geschrieben hat. Der genaue Monat (Sommer oder Herbst 44) ist nicht sicher.",
        "en": "Marcus, Cicero's son, is studying philosophy at Athens, and above all life. The messengers with letters from his father and Tiro arrive after forty-six days. The son takes it calmly: it gives him a good excuse for why he has not written for so long. The exact month (summer or autumn 44) is not certain."
      },
      "quote": { "la": "aliquando venerunt post diem quadragesimum [et] sextum, quam a vobis discesserant", "ref": "Cic. Fam. 16.21.1", "de": "Endlich kommen sie [die Boten], am sechsundvierzigsten Tag, nachdem sie euch verlassen haben.", "en": "At last they [the messengers] came, forty-six days after they had left you." },
      "src": "Cic. Fam. 16.21.1 (Latin Library, cicero/fam16.txt; the Latin Library header dates the letter to December 44, modern editions earlier, zu prüfen); also in J.-A. Shelton, As the Romans Did, no. 121, p. 143; sender's place (Cicero and Tiro in Italy) approximated by Rome"
    }
  ]
}